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Dangerous Mosquitoes in Europe: Species, Risks and How to Protect Yourself
Dangerous Mosquitoes in Europe: Species, Risks and How to Protect Yourself
They may be small, but their impact can be big. Mosquitoes in Europe are no longer just a summer nuisance — some species now pose real health threats. Due to climate change, international trade and tourism, exotic mosquito species and the diseases they carry are becoming more common across the continent. In this blog, we explore which mosquitoes you should watch out for, what risks they bring, and how to protect yourself.
Dangerous types of mosquitoes in Europe
While Europe has long been considered relatively safe from tropical diseases, several mosquito species are now cause for concern:
- Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito)
This invasive species is spreading rapidly across Southern and Central Europe. It is known to carry diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. - Culex pipiens (common house mosquito)
Widespread across Europe, this species can transmit the West Nile virus and possibly Usutu virus. Despite being familiar, it shouldn’t be underestimated. - Aedes aegypti
Less common but highly dangerous. This mosquito is a vector for yellow fever, Zika, dengue and chikungunya. It is mostly found in warmer parts of Europe. - Anopheles maculipennis complex
These mosquitoes were historically responsible for malaria transmission in Europe. Though malaria is rare today, these mosquitoes are still present. - Anopheles claviger
Another potential malaria vector, though less prominent than the maculipennis group.
The risk of disease depends on multiple factors: the mosquito species, local climate, population density, and whether the viruses are present in the area.
New arrivals, new threats
Just a decade ago, most people in Europe had never heard of the tiger mosquito. Now it is increasingly reported in countries like Spain, Italy, Switzerland and southern Germany. These exotic species often arrive via international shipments — and once here, they adapt quickly.
Climate change plays a major role
Longer warm periods and milder winters make Europe a more welcoming environment for mosquitoes. During a European infectious disease congress, over 13,000 doctors warned that this trend will likely lead to more outbreaks of diseases like dengue and encephalitis.
In 2012, Madeira experienced a dengue outbreak, and Greece reported malaria cases that same year. The West Nile virus continues to spread, with fatalities reported in regions such as Andalusia.
Globalisation and trade as key factors
International trade — especially items like car tyres — often helps mosquitoes spread. Standing water in imported goods provides a breeding ground. Aedes aegypti, for instance, has established itself in Madeira and northeastern Turkey, raising health concerns in those areas.
Even the common mosquito now poses new risks. With changing climates, it is increasingly linked to serious infections like West Nile virus.
Health risks from bites
Many infected people experience only mild symptoms such as fever or headache. But around 20% can develop severe complications, including encephalitis or meningitis — particularly in older adults.
Outside Europe, the risk is even higher. In the Philippines, dengue has been classified as an epidemic. During rainy seasons, cases surge dramatically, leading to shortages in blood for transfusions.
There have even been extreme cases of long-term effects — such as a traveller in Bali who lost his memory after a mosquito bite.
No vaccines exist yet for dengue or Zika. This makes prevention crucial.
How to protect yourself
- Wear long sleeves, long trousers, and socks. Mosquitoes struggle to reach covered skin.
- Choose light-coloured clothing — mosquitoes prefer dark fabrics.
- Use insect repellent with at least 30–50% DEET.
- Stay indoors at dawn and dusk, when mosquitoes are most active.
- Remove standing water from buckets, pots and gutters around your home.
- Avoid alcohol and maintain good hygiene — mosquitoes are drawn to sweat and body odours.
- Sleep under a mosquito net, especially when travelling to high-risk regions.
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What does the future hold?
The line between tropical and non-tropical zones is fading. Urban areas are becoming breeding grounds, and resistance to common repellents is rising. This means higher concentrations of mosquitoes — even in cities.
Scientists call for better mosquito tracking, risk mapping and early-warning systems that link climate data with disease outbreaks. Governments will need to take a more active role.
One tiny insect, global consequences
Mosquitoes represent more than just a health issue. They highlight urgent global topics — from over-tourism to climate responsibility.
So how should we respond? Maybe with a little more common sense, awareness, and care for ourselves and those around us.
Stay safe.
Nusarah
Disclaimer: The information in this blog is intended for general educational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, no rights can be derived from this content. For professional advice or mosquito control, please consult an expert.
